But surely it is at least in Western Europe also learned via a few hundred years of our classic major-minor system. If you look at indegenious music or Arabian, Indian or Asian music they use originally quite different scales with quarter tones and what not that sound “dissonant” to our ears, too.
One more thought on this. Looking at other musical cultures like oriental, chinese or indian with their specific scales and rhythms I find it interesting that in these folkloristic musical traditions chords don’t play a big role. It’s all more or less just melody based. You find elements like counter point or canon in these traditions. But harmonic patterns like dominant, subdominant, tonica, you don’t find there. That seems to be an element that only came from western music. But again. No expert here. Just my view from my experience.